File storage

Configure provider-agnostic storage for attachments and generated media

ChatJS uses Files SDK to store files without coupling application code to one storage provider. You choose the adapter when you create the app, and ChatJS uses the same storage layer for uploads, generated media, downloads, cloning, and cleanup.

Durable file storage is required when you enable any of these capabilities:

• Attachments
• Image generation
• Video generation

Choose a provider

The interactive installer asks you to choose a file storage provider when your selected features require one:

npx @chat-js/cli@latest create my-app

For a non-interactive installation, pass a provider slug and any non-secret adapter options:

npx @chat-js/cli@latest create my-app \
  --storage-provider s3 \
  --storage-config '{"bucket":"uploads","region":"us-east-1"}'

The installer derives its choices, peer dependencies, and environment hints from the Files SDK provider catalog. See the Files SDK provider reference for the available providers and their configuration requirements.

The installer omits adapters that are not suitable for its generated production runtime. This includes non-persistent or development-only adapters, runtime-specific adapters such as Convex and Bun S3, and adapters whose production credentials must be embedded in constructor options. You can still integrate those adapters manually when your runtime and secret-management model support them.

Generated configuration

The installer configures only the selected adapter and its required peer dependencies.

For example, a Vercel Blob installation generates an adapter like this:

import type { ProviderSlug } from "files-sdk/providers";
import { vercelBlob } from "files-sdk/vercel-blob";

const options = {} satisfies Parameters<typeof vercelBlob>[0];

export const storageProvider = {
  createAdapter: () => vercelBlob(options),
  options,
  slug: "vercel-blob",
} satisfies {
  createAdapter: () => ReturnType<typeof vercelBlob>;
  options: typeof options;
  slug: ProviderSlug;
};

Run the environment check after configuring deployment secrets:

bun run check-env

How files are delivered

ChatJS stores application URLs such as /api/files/content?key=l_u0a2bkphKLFKsBI4q5Tue9.png instead of saving a provider URL. The content route validates the key and either redirects to a provider URL or streams the file through the app. This keeps message data independent from a provider hostname.

Files are namespaced under <appPrefix>/files/ in the selected provider. Files SDK adds and removes that prefix internally, so the rest of ChatJS works with stable relative keys.

Credentials

Credential requirements depend on the selected provider. ChatJS reads Files SDK’s provider metadata and validates the supported environment variables at build time. Some providers can also use an SDK credential chain such as an IAM role, shared profile, workload identity, or runtime binding.

Copy .env.example to .env.local for local development, then set the values generated for your provider. For deployment, use your platform’s secret management instead of committing credentials.

See Environment variables for the ChatJS-wide rules.

Vercel Blob

Vercel Blob is the default durable provider for generated ChatJS apps. Connect a Blob store to your Vercel project to receive BLOB_READ_WRITE_TOKEN automatically, or set the token in .env.local for local development.

npx @chat-js/cli@latest create my-app \
  --storage-provider vercel-blob

Changing providers

Deploying a provider change only changes where future runtime operations read and write. It does not migrate stored objects or database references.

If you are upgrading from a ChatJS version that stored Vercel Blob URLs directly, those legacy references are not migrated automatically. Keep the old Blob store available until you have copied and verified the objects and updated their database references. Delete old objects only after the migrated files have been verified.

ChatJS does not currently ship an automatic file migration command.

Cleanup

The authenticated /api/cron/cleanup route removes old, unreferenced files created through the current ChatJS storage layer. It ignores legacy or foreign keys that do not match the managed ChatJS key format. Set CRON_SECRET before enabling the scheduled cleanup job.

Troubleshooting

Related

• Attachments
• Deploy to Vercel
• Environment variables
• Project structure